Khadija Begum

Ph.D. Scholar, Educator, Writer with over ten years of experience in academic writing and editorial work. Founder and Editor-in-Chief of Qurtuba Circle. Interests include disability studies, linguistics, and cultural criticism.

how to identify research gaps types and methods Qurtuba Circle guide

How to Identify Research Gaps in a Research Paper

Understanding how to identify research gaps in a research paper is what separates a descriptive paper from a focused academic study. Many students read extensively and summarise existing work, yet struggle to define what their research actually contributes. The difficulty is not the topic itself, but the inability to locate a precise gap within existing

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Resources
how to structure a research paper Qurtuba Circle guide

How to Structure a Research Paper (Step-by-Step Guide)

Understanding how to structure a research paper is one of the most important steps in academic writing. Many students have relevant ideas and material but struggle to organise them into a clear and acceptable research paper format. This becomes particularly difficult when preparing assignments, theses, or journal submissions where expectations are precise. This guide explains

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Resources

AI in Higher Education India Is Expanding, but the Form of Training Remains Uneven

AI in higher education India is expanding through a mix of full programmes, policy direction, and course-level additions. While some institutions have introduced structured degree pathways, much of the expansion takes place through short modules and add-on courses. The variation affects how AI education is delivered and understood. AI in higher education India is expanding,

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Academia, India News

Bard College Under Scrutiny Amid Renewed Focus on Epstein’s Academic Ties

The release of documents linked to Jeffrey Epstein has intensified scrutiny of his connections with academic institutions and prominent scholars. Bard College has emerged as a focal point following revelations about its president Leon Botstein’s past interactions with Epstein. While no allegations connect Botstein to Epstein’s crimes, the association has triggered institutional investigation, student protests,

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Academia, USA News

Literary Memory and the Making of National Identity

Nations are often imagined through stories. Historical events provide the material, but literature frequently shapes how those events are remembered and interpreted. Novels, poems, and plays transform historical experience into narratives that can be shared across generations. Through this process literature becomes a powerful medium through which societies understand their past and imagine their collective

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Culture

Cognitive Bias and Human Decision Making

Human beings often believe their decisions are guided by careful reasoning. Research in psychology has shown that this assumption is only partly true. Many judgments rely on mental shortcuts that simplify complex choices. These shortcuts make everyday decisions possible, yet they also introduce predictable errors in human thinking. Heuristics and Cognitive Bias in Psychological Research

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Mind

What Is a Good Life? Ancient Philosophy and Modern Anxiety

What does it mean to live well? The question appears deceptively simple, yet it lies at the centre of philosophical reflection. From the ethical writings of ancient Greece to the uncertainties of the modern world, philosophers have asked what constitutes a good life, and whether happiness, virtue, or meaning should guide human existence. Human beings

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Philosophy